The political history of Bolivia has been marked by frequent coup attempts, reflecting its enduring struggle with democratic stability. Bolivia has faced numerous instances of military intervention and abrupt changes in government, underscoring deep-rooted political tensions and challenges.
Historically, Bolivia has experienced several notable coup attempts, including the coup of 1952 which led to significant social and economic reforms under the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR), brought about significant social and economic reforms. Subsequent decades saw multiple military coups, such as the coups in 1964 and 1971, which resulted in changes of government and political instability.
Recently, the country has once again encountered political instability, with President Luis Arce denouncing an attempted coup. This conflict has emerged amid accusations from Evo Morales, who is seeking to regain power, who has accused General Juan José Zuñiga of orchestrating irregular military mobilizations aimed at destabilizing the government.
A coup d’état, by definition, involves the illegal and overt seizure of state power by military, political, or other elites within the existing government apparatus. It typically involves use of Force, groups seizing control of key government institutions, such as the presidential palace or state broadcasting stations. Also involves illegality by acting outside constitutional and legal frameworks to depose or coerce the legitimate government. Last but not least, an intent to control, replace or influence the sitting government, often resulting in the suspension of democratic processes and freedoms.
Zuñiga’s admission of military mobilization due to internal army dissatisfaction sparked international condemnation. Leaders from Mexico and Honduras have condemned authoritarian actions and called for respect for democracy in Bolivia.
In response, President Luis Arce emphasized the importance of preserving democratic order and denounced the military actions as an attempted coup. The Bolivian people have unequivocally condemned the attempted coup, with widespread protests and demonstrations expressing support for democratic principle and the rule of law.
International bodies such as the Organization of American States (OAS), under the leadership of Luis Almagro, have called for the armed forces to remain under the control of legitimately elected civilian authorities.
This ongoing crisis reflects Bolivia’s historical struggle to consolidate democracy amidst recurring challenges of political polarization and internal conflict. Evo Morales’ intention to seek presidency once more has intensified tensions with the Arce administration, highlighting the fragility of Bolivia’s political system.
In conclusion, Bolivia continues to confront persistent challenges in safeguarding democratic governance in the face of historical and contemporary coup attempts. Despite efforts to fortify democratic institutions since Morales’ contentious removal in 2019, Bolivia remains entrenched in divisions that pose significant hurdles to political and social stability.